Umhlaba yeyona nto iphambili ekulinyweni kweentyatyambo, ukondla kweengcambu zeentyatyambo nomthombo wesondlo, amanzi nomoya.Iingcambu zezityalo zifunxa izondlo emhlabeni ukuze zondle kwaye zichume ngokwazo.
Umhlaba wenziwe ngeeminerali, izinto eziphilayo, amanzi kunye nomoya.Iiminerali emhlabeni zigranular kwaye zinokohlulwa zibe ngumhlaba oyisanti, udongwe kunye neloam ngokobukhulu bamasuntswana.
Isanti ibalelwa ngaphezu kwe-80% kwaye udongwe lubalelwa ngaphantsi kwe-20%.Isanti ineenzuzo zepores ezinkulu kunye ne-drainage egudileyo.Okungalunganga kukungagcini kakuhle kwamanzi kwaye kulula ukomisa.Ke ngoko, isanti yeyona nto iphambili yokulungiselela umhlaba wenkcubeko.Ukungena komoya okulungileyo, okusetyenziswe njenge-matrix yokusika, kulula ukuyithatha ingcambu.Ngenxa yesichumisi esisezantsi kumhlaba oyisanti, kufuneka kugalelwe isichumisi esingaphezulu kwintyatyambo etyalwe kulo mhlaba ukuphucula iimpawu zomhlaba oyisanti.Umhlaba oyisanti ufunxa ukukhanya nobushushu obuqinileyo, ubushushu bomhlaba obuphezulu, ukukhula ngamandla kweentyatyambo kunye neentyatyambo zakwangoko.Isanti inokubekwa phantsi kwesitya njengomaleko wokuhambisa amanzi.
Udongwe luthatha ngaphezu kwe-60% kunye nesanti ngaphantsi kwe-40%.Umhlaba ulungile kwaye uncangathi, kwaye umphezulu womhlaba uyaqhekeka ube ziibhloko ngexesha lembalela.Kunzima kakhulu ekulimeni nasekulawuleni, kulula ukuqina kunye nokukhupha amanzi amdaka.Khulula umhlaba kwaye ukhuphe i-waterlogging ngexesha.Ukuba ziphathwa kakuhle, iintyatyambo zinokukhula kakuhle kwaye zidubule ngakumbi.Ngenxa yokuba udongwe lunesichumiso esihle kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kakuhle, lunokuthintela ukulahleka kwamanzi kunye nesichumisi.Iintyatyambo zikhula kancinane kulo mhlaba kwaye izityalo zifutshane kwaye zomelele.Xa utyala iintyatyambo kudongwe olunzima, kuyimfuneko ukuxuba umhlaba onamagqabi abolileyo, umhlaba we-humus okanye umhlaba oyisanti ukuphucula iimpawu.Ukuguqula umhlaba kunye nokunkcenkceshela kwasebusika kuya kwenziwa ebusika ukukhulula umhlaba kunye nokuququzelela ukulima.
Iloam ngumhlaba ophakathi komhlaba oyisanti kunye nodongwe, kwaye umxholo womhlaba oyisanti nodongwe ubalelwa kwisiqingatha ngokulandelelana kwawo.Ezo zinesanti eninzi zibizwa ngokuba yintlabathi evunduvundu okanye ivunduvundu.Ezo zinodongwe olungakumbi zibizwa ngokuba ludongwe oluludongwe okanye iweidy loam.
Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zintathu zomhlaba weentyatyambo, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo ethile, kunokulungiswa ezinye iindidi ezininzi zomhlaba, ezinje nge-humus, umhlaba we-peat, umhlaba onamagqabi abolileyo, umhlaba wengca ebolileyo, umhlaba weplanga, udaka lwentaba, umhlaba omuncu, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-05-2022
